Eritrea Travel Guide: What to Do

What to do in Eritrea? Main activities and attractions

Asmara, the capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that fascinates architecture lovers with its preserved Art Deco buildings. Explore the streets lined with cafes, the Cinema Impero, and the Fiat Tagliero building – a rare futuristic landmark from the 1930s. The ancient port city of Massawa offers Ottoman and Italian architecture nestled along coral-lined beaches. Visitors can also explore the archaeological remnants of Qohaito, dating to the Kingdom of Aksum. Religious diversity is evident through churches, mosques, and monasteries, especially in Debre Bizen Monastery, perched atop a mountain and accessible by a challenging but rewarding trek.

Nature lovers will find unspoiled beauty on the Dahlak Archipelago, an underwater paradise for snorkelers and divers. The islands are virtually untouched, offering coral reefs and mysterious shipwrecks. The Green Belt near Filfil is another highlight, featuring tropical forests and birdwatching spots. Gastronomically, try zigni (spicy meat stew) and injera, influenced by both Ethiopian and Italian cuisines. Coffee ceremonies are integral to local hospitality and worth experiencing. Trekking in the Asmara Highlands or camel riding near the desert outskirts of Nakfa offer immersive outdoor experiences.

Unusual and off-the-beaten-path experiences in Eritrea

Beyond its architectural gems and Red Sea coast, Eritrea hides several lesser-known discoveries that reward the adventurous traveler. In the highlands northwest of Asmara lies the ghost town of Adi Keyh, where abandoned villas from the Italian era stand quietly in the mist. Nearby, the ruins of Metera, an ancient pre-Aksumite city, offer engraved stelae and rare archaeological insights. Further south, the Semhar region unveils volcanic landscapes and salt lakes like Lake Kulul, loved by nomadic Afar communities. This remote area provides breathtaking sunrises reflected in thick salt deposits—and a real sense of isolation. In the coastal city of Assab, few tourists venture, but it offers a lively fish market and views into the strategic, windswept Southern Red Sea. Train enthusiasts can organize a ride on Eritrea’s vintage steam train connecting Asmara with Nefasit. The scenic route passes through tunnels and bridges built a century ago, winding through spectacular mountain landscapes. Lastly, visiting local Tigrinya or Saho villages even far from urban centers provides meaningful cultural exchanges, including participation in dance ceremonies and traditional meals. These underexplored experiences offer a deeper vision of Eritrea’s multifaceted identity and emphasize the importance of stepping away from common tourist trails.

When to visit Eritrea? Best travel periods

Essential practical information for traveling to Eritrea

📋 Formalities and visa

EU, UK, and US citizens must obtain a visa prior to arrival in Eritrea. Tourist visas are usually valid for 30 days and require a passport valid for at least six months from entry, as well as proof of accommodation or a host. Applications are processed through Eritrean embassies, and approval can take several weeks.

🚗 Driving rules

Driving is on the right-hand side of the road. An international driving license is required and must be accompanied by a local permit, often issued upon application in Asmara. The road conditions vary widely; major roads are paved, while many rural areas require 4WD vehicles.

🔌 Electricity

Eritrea uses type C and L plugs with a standard voltage of 230V and frequency of 50Hz. Travelers from the UK or US will need an adapter. Power outages can occur, even in cities.

📱 Mobile network and internet

Mobile coverage is limited to major urban areas like Asmara and Massawa. The main operator is EriTel, and SIM cards are available with passport registration. Internet access is restricted and often very slow, especially outside Asmara.

⚠️ Safety and areas to avoid

The country is generally safe for travelers, but photography is tightly controlled, and permits are required for travel outside Asmara. Border areas with Ethiopia and Sudan are sensitive and must be avoided without authorization. Emergency services are limited—carry essential first-aid supplies.

🚫 Prohibitions and regulations

It is illegal to photograph government buildings, military zones, or port areas without explicit permits. Bringing telecommunication equipment, drones, and GPS devices may require customs declaration. Drugs and pornographic material are strictly forbidden.

🤝 Cultural codes and behavior

Politeness and modesty are culturally important. Avoid pointing at people or raising your voice in public. Dress conservatively, especially in rural areas and when visiting religious sites.

🕌 Respect for religious traditions

Eritrea is religiously diverse with both Christian Orthodox and Muslim communities. Visitors should dress modestly and remove shoes when entering places of worship. During religious holidays like Easter or Eid, respect local customs and possible travel restrictions.

Sources: Foreign Office, Embassy in Eritrea, Eritrea National Tourism Office. Last updated: January 2025