Mongolia Travel Guide: What to Do

What to do in Mongolia? Main activities and attractions

The Gobi Desert is one of Mongolia’s most iconic regions, offering travelers the chance to explore vast sand dunes like Khongoryn Els and discover flaming cliffs such as Bayanzag, a famous dinosaur fossil site. In the capital, Ulaanbaatar combines tradition and modernity, with attractions like the Gandan Monastery and the National Museum of Mongolia. Erdene Zuu Monastery in Kharkhorin, built on the ruins of the ancient Mongol capital Karakorum, is a UNESCO candidate site and showcases Buddhist architecture and religious relics. Orkhon Valley, another UNESCO-listed site, offers insight into Mongolia’s imperial past and early civilizations.

Outdoor experiences in Mongolia are vast, from horseback trekking across the steppes to spending nights in traditional yurts among nomadic families. Nature lovers can hike in the Altai Tavan Bogd National Park or fish in Lake Khovsgol, known as “the Blue Pearl of Mongolia”. For food enthusiasts, tasting buuz (steamed dumplings) or khuushuur (fried meat pies) is essential. During summer, attending the Naadam Festival celebrates wrestling, archery, and horse racing, traditional “three manly games.” These activities offer a deep connection to Mongolia’s environment, culture, and spirit of adventure.

Unusual and off-the-beaten-path experiences in Mongolia

Mongolia is often associated with its iconic vistas and nomadic lifestyle, but there are many lesser-known experiences that enrich a travel to Mongolia beyond the usual circuit. These activities offer authentic insight into local life and secluded landscapes far from the tourist crowds.

In the far western Bayan-Ölgii province, staying with the Kazakh eagle hunters provides a rare cultural immersion. Witnessing how families train golden eagles for winter hunting, especially during the annual Golden Eagle Festival, is a once-in-a-lifetime event. In the remote desert of Dundgovi, exploring the Tsagaan Suvarga (“White Stupa”) limestone formations feels like stepping onto another planet with colorful cliffs and silence broken only by the wind.

For spiritual reflection, visiting Amarbayasgalant Monastery in Selenge province offers solitude and sacred architecture rarely disturbed by crowds. Meanwhile, Tsaatan reindeer herders in the far north give you access to one of the world’s last surviving reindeer-dependent cultures. Accessible only by horse or trek, this community remains deeply tied to nature and tradition.

Lastly, the extinct volcano of Khorgo in Arkhangai provides panoramic views and access to lava fields and crater lakes—a little-visited natural gem. Embracing these unusual routes not only diversifies the journey but also deepens the traveler’s understanding of Mongolia’s resilient spirit and its extraordinary territories.

When to visit Mongolia? Best travel periods

Essential practical information for traveling to Mongolia

📋 Formalities and visa

EU, UK, and US citizens can stay in Mongolia visa-free for up to 30 days, but this can vary, so travelers must check current rules based on nationality. A valid passport with at least 6 months’ validity is required. Entry may also require documentation proving onward travel or accommodation bookings.

🚗 Driving rules

Driving is on the right-hand side in Mongolia. Roads outside of cities are often unpaved or challenging. An international driving license is required, and travelers are advised to rent 4×4 vehicles for long distances. Fuel stations can be sparse in rural areas, so plan ahead.

🔌 Electricity

Mongolia uses types C and E power plugs. The standard voltage is 220V, and the frequency is 50Hz. European devices usually work, but UK or US travelers will need voltage-compatible adapters.

📱 Mobile network and internet

Main operators include Mobicom, Unitel, and G-Mobile, offering good coverage in cities but limited service in rural areas. Tourists can easily buy prepaid SIM cards at the airport or in Ulaanbaatar, with prices starting from a few euros for data packs.

⚠️ Safety and areas to avoid

Mongolia is generally safe for travelers. However, caution is advised in isolated areas and during any overland travel. Pickpocketing can occur in urban public places. Emergency numbers include 102 for police and 103 for ambulance.

🚫 Prohibitions and regulations

Certain wildlife products and cultural artifacts cannot be exported. Crossing the border with drones or satellite phones may require special permits. Consuming alcohol in public places can be fined.

🤝 Cultural codes and behavior

Guests should not step over household items or point feet toward altars inside gers. Modest dress is appreciated, especially in rural or religious contexts. Polite greetings and use of both hands when offering objects are customary.

🕌 Respect for religious traditions

Tibetan Buddhism is the most practiced religion. Visitors should dress appropriately in monasteries and avoid taking photos during ceremonies unless permitted. Summer sees various rituals and monastic events travelers can attend with permission.

Sources: Foreign Office, Embassy in Mongolia, Mongolia National Tourism Office. Last updated: January 2025