Sudan Travel Guide: What to Do

What to do in Sudan? Main activities and attractions

Sudan is home to stunning archaeological sites that reveal its ancient past. One of the most striking cultural highlights is the Meroë Pyramids, located northeast of Khartoum, where over 200 black granite pyramids dominate the Nubian desert. The ruins of the ancient city of Napata and the temples of Naga and Musawwarat es-Sufra allow for immersion in the heritage of the Kushite kingdoms. You’ll also find historical mosques and colonial-era architecture in Omdurman, the country’s largest city. Khartoum’s National Museum hosts numerous artifacts, including Pharaoh-era statues and Christian frescoes, offering a fuller understanding of Sudan’s complexity.

For travelers in search of natural exploration, the Red Sea coast near Port Sudan offers pristine coral reefs ideal for diving and snorkeling. Inland, the Dinder National Park features savannah terrain and the chance to observe wildlife such as baboons, antelopes, and a wide range of birds. Sudanese cuisine blends Arab and African traditions, with staples like ful medames, taamiya, and grilled meats. Sampling street food in local markets offers a glimpse into everyday life and authentic flavors. With warm hospitality and off-the-beaten-track charm, Sudan invites travelers to engage deeply with its natural and cultural heritage.

Unusual and off-the-beaten-path experiences in Sudan

While Sudan is best known for its grand pyramids and ancient temples, it also offers unique experiences for the curious traveler willing to stray from mainstream itineraries. One such gem is the Sufi dervish ceremony held every Friday at the Hamed al-Nil mosque in Omdurman, where locals engage in rhythmic chanting, music, and dance as spiritual practice. It’s a powerful window into Sudan’s lively mystical traditions.

In the remote northeast lies Suakin Island, an abandoned Ottoman-era port that whispers with centuries of Red Sea trade. The coral buildings, although slowly crumbling, retain a ghostly beauty that captures the imagination. Nearby, you can snorkel in warm waters untouched by mass tourism.

If you head west toward Jebel Marra in Darfur (security conditions permitting), you’re rewarded with volcanic peaks, waterfalls, and caves—an unexpectedly lush retreat in a region often misunderstood. Camel caravans still operate in parts of northern Sudan, particularly along the ancient Forty Days Road to Egypt. Joining a caravan for even a short time reveals age-old desert trading traditions.

These lesser-known experiences, whether spiritual, historical, or natural, offer a profound connection with Sudan’s soul. Exploring beyond the guidebooks unveils a country whose spirit thrives in every whispered chant, eroded ruin, and desert sunrise.

When to visit Sudan? Best travel periods

Essential practical information for traveling to Sudan

📋 Formalities and visa

EU, UK and US citizens must obtain a visa before traveling to Sudan. Applications should be submitted to Sudan’s embassy with a passport valid for at least six months, two photos, and a letter explaining the purpose of the visit. Visa-on-arrival is not available and border entry without proper documentation is prohibited.

🚗 Driving rules

Sudan drives on the right-hand side. An international driving license is required, and self-driving is only advisable within Khartoum or along well-traveled routes. Road infrastructure outside major cities is often poor or unmarked, and checkpoints are frequent. Hiring a local driver is strongly recommended.

🔌 Electricity

Power sockets use Type C and D plugs, operating at 230V and 50Hz. Travelers from most Western countries will need an adapter. Power outages are common in rural areas, so bring backup chargers or a power bank.

📱 Mobile network and internet

Sudan has decent network coverage around cities through providers like MTN and Sudani. SIM cards are affordable but require registration with your passport. Mobile internet is limited in speed. Using messaging apps via WiFi in hotels and restaurants is usually reliable.

⚠️ Safety and areas to avoid

The UK Foreign Office advises against all travel to border regions with Chad, South Sudan and Darfur due to armed conflict risks. Khartoum and tourist areas are safer but still subject to political unrest. Always register with your embassy and avoid demonstrations. Emergency number: 999 (police).

🚫 Prohibitions and regulations

Alcohol is prohibited and possession can result in detention. Drones, binoculars, and high-end cameras must be declared and sometimes registered. Avoid photographing military or government buildings. Cultural sensitivity is critical.

🤝 Cultural codes and behavior

Dress conservatively at all times, especially women—loose clothing covering arms and legs is expected. Handshakes are common for men; public affection is frowned upon. Always ask before taking someone’s picture, and greet elders respectfully.

🕌 Respect for religious traditions

Islam is the main religion, and most locals observe daily prayers and Friday as a holy day. During Ramadan, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public. When visiting mosques, remove shoes and dress modestly.

Sources: Foreign Office, Embassy in Sudan, Sudan National Tourism Office. Last updated: January 2025