Turkey Travel Guide: What to Do

What to do in Turkey? Main activities and attractions

Turkey is home to some of the world’s most iconic historical landmarks, many of which exemplify its deep-rooted cultural past. The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul stands as a symbol of Byzantine splendor, now blending both Christian and Islamic heritages. Nearby, the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace also capture the grandeur of Ottoman reign. To the south, you’ll find the ancient city of Ephesus, a remarkably preserved Roman site, while central Turkey boasts the surreal landscapes and cave churches of Cappadocia, best seen from a hot air balloon at sunrise. Exploring Turkey’s diverse landmarks offers an immersive journey through several civilizations.

Natural wonders abound as well. From the cotton-white travertine terraces of Pamukkale to the turquoise coastlines of Antalya and the Lycian Way, outdoor pursuits are plentiful. The Black Sea region offers lush mountains and forest hikes, while Eastern Anatolia invites exploration of Lake Van and Mount Ararat. Turkish cuisine is integral to the travel experience, with dishes like mezes, kebabs, and the ever-popular baklava. Markets like Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar offer culinary and craft discoveries that reflect local traditions. A travel to Turkey is incomplete without sipping çay (tea) in a tulip glass while watching the sun set over a minaret-silhouetted skyline.

Unusual and off-the-beaten-path experiences in Turkey

Beyond its famous cities and ancient ruins, Turkey reveals a wealth of lesser-known experiences that make your journey truly unique. Exploring off-the-beaten-path destinations allows you to connect with a more authentic and serene side of the country.

Begin with a visit to Safranbolu, a UNESCO-listed Ottoman village in the Black Sea region. Wandering its cobbled streets transports you to a time of wooden mansions and traditional Turkish baths. In Eastern Anatolia, the remote site of Mount Nemrut awaits: colossal statues from the 1st century BC sit atop this mystical mountain, offering an unforgettable sunrise view.

Visit Akyaka, on the southern Aegean coast, for a tranquil alternative to the more crowded beaches. This slow-paced village combines beaches, riverboat tours, and protected natural reserves. Another hidden gem is the Ihlara Valley in Central Anatolia—a canyon with painted cave churches and a gentle hiking trail along the Melendiz River.

Finally, head to Bafa Lake near the Aegean coast. Once a gulf of the Aegean Sea, it now hosts ancient ruins, free-roaming goats, and picturesque rock formations, all set to a quiet lakeside rhythm. Choosing to explore these quieter corners adds depth and wonder to your travel to Turkey.

When to visit Turkey? Best travel periods

Essential practical information for traveling to Turkey

📋 Formalities and visa

EU, US, and UK citizens can enter Turkey without a visa for stays up to 90 days within a 180-day period. A valid passport is required, with at least six months’ validity from the date of entry. No visa is needed if the purpose is tourism or business. Electronic visas may be required for other nationalities.

🚗 Driving rules

Vehicles drive on the right side of the road. Foreign visitors may use their international driving license for up to 6 months. Local drivers can be assertive, especially in large cities like Istanbul, so extra caution is advised for defensive driving and parking regulations.

🔌 Electricity

Turkey uses type C and F plugs, with a voltage of 220V and frequency of 50Hz. Visitors from most European countries will not need an adapter, but UK and US travelers should bring a compatible plug converter.

📱 Mobile network and internet

Mobile coverage is excellent in urban and tourist areas. Main operators include Turkcell, Vodafone Turkey, and Türk Telekom. Tourist SIM cards are readily available at airports and kiosks, with affordable data plans. Wi-Fi is generally accessible in hotels and cafes.

⚠️ Safety and areas to avoid

Turkey is considered safe for tourism in most regions. However, border areas near Syria, Iraq, and southeastern provinces are not recommended. Normal precautions against pickpocketing in crowded areas should be observed. Emergency number: 112.

🚫 Prohibitions and regulations

Importing drugs and sharp objects is strictly forbidden. Drones require registration. Religious and archaeological artifacts may not be exported. Respect local laws concerning alcohol consumption and public conduct.

🤝 Cultural codes and behavior

Politeness and hospitality are highly valued in Turkish culture. Greetings often involve handshakes; excessive public affection should be avoided. Dress modestly, especially near religious sites and in rural areas.

🕌 Respect for religious traditions

Islam is the dominant religion, and prayer times are observed daily. Visitors should remove shoes when entering mosques and dress conservatively. During Ramadan, eating publicly during fasting hours is discouraged. Alcohol is mostly accepted in major cities.

Sources: Foreign Office, Embassy in Turkey, Turkey National Tourism Office. Last updated: January 2025